M. E. XXXVII

Erigone [L., fr. Gr. Ērigonē.] Gr. Myth. Daughter of Icarus, eponymous hero of the Attic deme Icaria. In grief at the murder of her father she hanged herself.

Asterion Class. Myth. a son of Cometes who joined the Argonauts. Also, Asterius.

Litae Class. Myth. the daughters of Zeus who personify prayer.

Coryphaea Class. Myth. an epithet meaning "of the peak," applied to goddesses inhabiting mountaintops.

Anthas Class. Myth. a son of Poseidon and Alcyone.

Metioche Class. Myth. a daughter of Orion. Cf. Menippe.

achech Egyptian Myth. a creature having the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. [< Egypt ]

Palinurus [L., fr. Gr. Palinouros.] 1. In Vergil's Aeneid, Aeneas's pilot, who fell asleep at the helm, and tumbled into the sea off the coast of Lucania, where he he was murdered by the natives. From him is said to be derived the name of Cape Palinurus, near the spot.

Callirhoë [L., fr. Gr. Kallirhoē, fr. kallirrhoos, kalliroos, beautiful-flowing, fr. kalli- beautiful + rhein to flow.] 1. Gr. Myth. a The wife of Alcmaeon and the cause of his death through her covetous wish to possess the famed necklace of Harmonia. b An ocean nymph, wife of Chrysaor.

Agoraeus Class. Myth. an epithet of Zeus and Hermes, meaning "of the market place."

Taras A son of Poseidon by a nymph, is said to have traversed the sea from the promontory of Taenarum to the south of Italy, riding on a dolphin, and to have founded Tarentum in Italy ( Paus. x. 10.§ 4, 13. § 5 ), where he was worshipped as a hero. ( Strab. vi. p. 279.)

Rhene ( in the Iliad ) the mistress of Oileus and the mother of Medon.

Taphius A son of Poseidon and Hippothoë, was the father of Pterelaus. He led a colony to Taphos, and called the inhabitants Teleboans. ( Apollod. ii. 4. § 5.).

Narcaeus A son of Dionysus and Narcaea, established a sanctuary of Athena Narcaea in Elis, and also introduced there the worship of Dionysus. ( Paus. v. 16. § 5.).

Xenodice 1. A daughter of Minos and Pasiphaë. ( Apollod. iii. 1. § 2.) 2. A daughter of Syleus, at Aulis, was slain by Heracles, together with her. ( Apollod. ii. 6. § 3.) 3. A captive Trojan woman. ( Paus. x. 26. § 1.)

Camarina An Oceanid nymph, the eponym of the Sicilian town of Camarina.

Pleuron A son of Aetolus and Pronoe, and brother of Calydon, was married to Xanthippe, by whom he became the father of Agenor, Sterope, Stratonice, and Laophone. He is said to have founded the town of Pleuron in Aetolia, but he had a heroum at Sparta. ( Apollod. i. 7. § 7; Paus. iii. 13. § 5.)

Iaeira 1. One of the daughters of Nereus and Doris ( Hom. Il. xviii. 42; Hygin. Fab. Praefat.) 2. Another person of this name occurs in Virg. Aen. ix. 673.

Targitaus Class. Myth. a son of Zeus who was the first to inhabit Scythia.

Isander ( in the Iliad ) a son of Bellerophon who was killed by Ares. 

Boebus A son of Glaphyrus, from whom the Thessalian town of Boebe derived its name. ( Steph. Byz. s. v. Boibê.)

Damasen A Lydian giant who slew a dragon. He was a son of Gaea.

Xenodamas A son of Menelaus and the nymph Cnossia.

Caieta According to some accounts, the nurse of Aeneas ( Virg. Aen. vii. 1; Ov. Met. xiv. 442 ), and, according to others, the nurse of Creusa or Ascanius. ( Serv. ad Aen. 1. c.) The promontory of Caieta, as well as the port and town of this name on the western coast of Italy, were believed to have been called after her. ( Klausen, Aeneas u. d.  Penat. p. 1044, &c.)

Upis ( in pre-Hellenic mythology ) a goddess of childbirth, later identified with Artemis.

Hymettius Class. Myth. an epithet of Zeus meaning "of Hymettus," because of an image of him there.

Anchinoë Class. Myth. a daughter of Nilus who was the mother, by Belus, of Aegyptus and Danaus.

Thiazi Scand. Myth. a giant who carried away Idun and the apples from Asgard. Also, Thiatsi, Thjazi, Thjatsi.

Scaeus One of the sons of Hippocoon. ( Paus. iii. 14. § 7; Herod. v. 60; Apollod. iii. 10. § 5; comp. HIPPOCOON.)

Deiopea A fair Lydian nymph, who belonged to the suite of Hera, and whom she promised as a reward to Aeolus if he would assist her in destroying the fleet of Aeneas. ( Virg. Aen. 1. 72.)

Anthracia An Arcadian nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus. [ See MYRTOESSA.]

Caanthus Class. Myth. a son of Oceanus who, upon discovering that his sister Melia had been abducted by Apollo, set fire to the god's sacred grove. For this sacrilege, Apollo killed him.

Menodice Class. Myth. a nymph who was the mother, by Thiodamas, of Hylas.

Panoptes Class. Myth. an epithet of Argus, meaning "all-eyes."

Cilissa Class. Myth. the nurse of Orestes.

Rhanis A nymph in the train of the goddess Artemis.

Hebrus A Thracian river-god. [ See ABARIS.]

Gelanor Class. Myth. a king of Argos who peacefully yielded his throne to Danaus.

Astacus 1. A son of Poseidon and the nymph Olbia, from whom the town of Astacus in Bithynia, which was afterwords called Nicomedia, derived its name. ( Arrian. ap. Steph. Byz. s. v.; Paus. v. 12. § 5; Strab. xii. p. 563.)

Echephron 1. A son of Heracles and Psophis, the daughter of Xanthus or Eryx. He was twin-brother of Promachus, and both had a heroum at Psophis. ( Paus. viii. 24. § § 1, 3.) 2. A son of Nestor by Eurydice or Anaxibia. ( Hom. Od. iii. 413; Apollod. i. 9. § 9.) 3. A third Echephron is mentioned in Apollodorus. ( iii. 12. § 5.)

Azeus A son of Clymenus of Orchomenos, was brother of Erginus, Stratius, Arrhon, and Pyleus, father of Actor and grandfather of Astyoche. ( Hom. Il. ii. 513; Paus. ix. 37. § 2.) He went with his brothers under the command of Erginus, the eldest, against Thebes, to take vengeance for the murder of his father, who had been slain by the Thebans at a festival of the Onchestian Poseidon. [ See ERGINUS and CLYMENUS.]

Bura A daughter of Ion, the ancestral hero of the Ionians, and Helice, from whom the Achaean town of Bura derived its name. ( Paus. vii. 25. § 5; Steph. Byz. s. v.)

Maeandrus A son of Oceanus and Tethys, and the god of the winding river Maeander in Phrygia. He was the father of Cyanea and Caunus, who is hence called Maeandrius. ( Hes. Theog. 339; Ov. Met. ix. 450, 473.)

Neda Class. Myth. 1. a river formed on a mountaintop in Arcadia when Rhea prayed to Gaea for water in which to bathe the infant Zeus. 2. a nymph of this river.

Aegia Class. Myth. a daughter of Adrastus and the wife of Polynices. Also, Argia.

Asterodia Class. Myth. a Caucasian nymph.

Illissus The god of an Athenian stream.

Phoetius A giant who battled Hera in the war of the Gigantes.

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M. E. XXXVI

Anxurus an Italian divinity, who was worshipped in a grove near Anxur ( Terracina ) together with Feronia. He was regarded as a youthful Jupiter and Feronia as Juno. ( Serv. ad. Aen. 7. 799.) On coins his name appears as Axur or Anxur. ( Drakenborch, ad. Sil. Ital. 8. 392; Morell. Thesaur. Num. ii. tab. 2.)

Thrasius 1. A soothsayer who is also called Phrasius. ( Hygin. Fab. 56; Ov. Art. Am. 1. 649 A; Apollod. 2. 5. 11.). 2. A Trojan who was killed by Achilles. ( Hom. Il. xx 210.)

Macedon a son of Zeus and Thyia, and a brother of Magnes, from whom Macedonia was believed to have derived its name. ( Steph. Byz. s. v. Μακεδονία.)

Thoön Class. Myth.Thoas ( def. 1.). 2. ( in the Iliad ) a Trojan who was killed by Antilochus while attacking the Greek wall.

Callidice Class. Myth. a Thesprotian queen whom Odysseus married while on one of his pilgrimages.

Chrysomallus The golden-fleece ram of Phrixus. [See THEOPHANE and PHRIXUS.]

Axius a Paeonian river-god, who begot by Periboea a son, Pelagon, the father of Asteropaeus. ( Hom. Il. xxi. 141, with the note of Eustath; see ASTEROPAEUS.)

Baubo [Gr. Baubō.] Gr. Relig. A goddess of a phallic cult, especially worshiped in Paros, and prominent in Orphic legend. In myth she is an Eleusinian slave woman ( called also Iambe ), who seeks by her jests to cheer the sorrow ingredients Demeter. In the allegory of Goethe's Faust ( Part II ) She symbolizes sensuality.

Daphnis [L., fr. Gr. Daphnis.] Gr. Myth. A Sicilian shepherd who was regarded as the inventor of bucolic poetry. According to one version of his story, he was the son of Hermes. When a naiad, to whom he was faithless, punished him with blindness, Hermes translated him into heaven. Hence, a shepherd or rustic.

Echius Two mythical personages of this name occur in the Iliad; the one a Greek  and a son of Mecisteus, was slain by Polites ( 8. 333, 15. 339 ), and the other, a Trojan, was slain by Patroclus. ( 16. 416.)

Azorus according to Hesychius ( s. v.), the helmsman of the ship Argo, who is said to have built the Pelagonian town of Azoros. ( Steph. Byz. s. v.)

Rhexenor two mythical personages, one the father of Chalciope, and  the second a son of Nausithous the king of the Phaeacians, and accordingly a brother of Alcinous. ( Apollod. 3. 15. 6; Hom. Od. 7. 64, &c.)

Azan Class. Myth. a son of Arcas and the dryad Erato.

Mysia 1. Class. Myth. an epthet of Demeter, in reference to Mysius, who entertained Demeter when she was searching for Persephone.

Delphus Class. Myth. a son of Poseidon and Melantho.

Hagno Class. Myth. the Arcadian nymph of a spring who provided water whenever it was needed: one of the nymphs who tended the infant Zeus.

Podarces Class. Myth. 1. Priam. 2. ( in the Iliad ) a son of Iphiclus who, following the death of his brother, took command of the Pythians in the Trojan War. Cf. Protesilaus.

Messene 2. Class. Myth. the wife of Polycaon, for whom Messenia was named.

Lacinius 1. An Italian hero and fabulous robber, by whom Heracles, on his expedition in Italy, is said to have been robbed of some of the oxen of Geryones, and who was killed by the hero in consequence. After the place of the murder was purified Heracles built a temple to Hera ( Juno ), surnamed Lacinia. ( Diod. iv. 24; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 552.)

Mulciber [L.] Rom. Relig. An epithet of Vulcan.

Phobos [Gr.] Gr. Relig. A goddess who was the personification of panic fear which overcame armies and puts them to flight.

Aegaeon [L. Aegaeon, fr. Gr. Aigaiōn.] Gr. Relig. The name given to "him who the gods call Briareus." See BRIAREUS.

Aollius The son of Romulus and Hersilia. [See HERSILIA.]

Otrera a daughter or wife of Ares who is said to have built the temple of Artemis at Ephesus. ( Hygin. Fub. 225; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 1.1033.)

Xanthippus 1. One of the sons of Melas, who revolted against Oeneus, and were slain by Tydeus. ( Apollod. 1. 85.) 2. A son of Deïphontes. ( Paus. ii. 28. § 3.) 3. A hero who had a heroin at Daulia, in Phocis. ( Paus. x. 4. § 2.).

Melas 1. A son of Poseidon by nymph of Chios, and brother of Angelus ( Paus. 7. 4. 6.) 2. One of the Tyrrhenian pirates mentioned under MELANTHUS No. 1. 3. A son of Phrixus and Chalciope, was married to Eurycleia, by whom he became the father of Hyperes. ( Apollod. i. 9. § 1; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1158; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 221.)   4. A son of Porthaon and Euryte, and brother of Oeneus. ( Hor. Il. xiv. 117; Apollod. i. 7 § 10; comp. OENEUS and TYDEUS. ) 5. A son of Antassus, at Gonusa, near Sicyon. He joined the Dorians on their march against Corinth. His services were at first declined, but he was afterwords allowed to fight in the ranks of the Dorians. He was the ancestor of the family of Cypselus. ( Paus. ii. 4. § 4, v. 18 § 7, 20, in fill.) 6. There are three other mythical personages of this name. ( Paus. vii. 4. § 6, viii. 28 § 3; Apollod. ii. 7. § 7.)

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M. E. XXXV

Campe Class. Myth. an old woman who was the jailor of Tartarus.

Evenus Class. Myth. a son of Ares and the father of Marpessa.

Cercopes [L., fr. Gr. Kerkopēs.] Gr. Myth. Thievish dwarves captured by Hercules.

Alastor [L., fr. Gr. Alastōr, fr. a- not + lathesthai to forget.] 1. Gr. Relig. a An epithet of Zeus and of other gods as avenging spirits. b An avenging deity; also, an avenging spirit of one who has been murdered. 2. In medieval demonology, vengeance personified. 3. Title of a poem by Shelley ( 1816 ).

Meilichios adj. Epithet of Zeus. See ZEUS.

Venulus a Latin chieftain ( according to Servius, originally from Argos ), sent by Turnus to Diomedes to persuade him to lend aid against Aeneas and the Trojans: he was subsequently captured by Tarchon, and carried off the field after a fierce struggle.

Acca a companion of the Volscian heroine Camilla.

Perdix Class. Myth. the sister of Daedalus who comitted suicide and was changed into a partridge when her son was jealously killed by her brother. Also called Polycaste. Cf. Talos ( def. 1 ).

Croceatas Class. Myth. an epithet of Zeus.

Autesion A son of Tisamenus, grandson of Thersander, and great-grandson of Polyneices. He is called the father of Theras and Argeia, by the latter of whom Aristodamus became the father of Eurystheus and Process. He was a native of Thebes, where he had succeeded his father as king, but at the command of an oracle he went to Peloponnesus and joined the Dorians. (  Apollod. ii. 8. § 2; Paus. iii. 15. § 4, 3. § 3, ix. 5 8; Herod. iv. 147, vi. 52; Strab. viii. p. 347.)

Crocon The husband of Saesara and father of Meganeira.( Apollod. iii. 9. § 1; Paus. i 38. § 2; comp. ARCAS.)

Hersilia Rom. Legend. a Sabine woman taken as a wife by Romulus.

Cappotas Class. Myth. an epithet of Zeus, meaning "reliever."

Antevorta Class.Myth. a nymph, one of the Camenae, having knowledge of the future. Also called Porrima, Pronsa. Cf. Postvorta.

Parnopius Class. Myth. an epithet of Apollo, meaning "locust-god," having reference to his once having ended a plague of locusts.

Hugi Scand. Myth. a young man, a personification of thought, who defeated Thialfi in a race.

Ocalea a daughter of Mantineus, and wife of Abas, by whom she became the mother of Acrisius and Proetus.  ( Apollod. ii. 2 § 1.) The Scholiast of Euripides ( Orest. 953 ) calls her Aglaia.

Polyphonte A daughter of Hipponous, king of the Triballi, and Thrassa. She was a companion of the goddess Artemis who scorned Aphrodite and was cursed to fall in love with a bear. She bore the creature two gigantic son Agrius and Orius and was later transformed into an owl. ( Ant. Lib. 21.)

Creta Class. Myth. the mother, by Helius, of Pasiphaë.

Aiantis [Gr.] Gr. Relig. An epithet of Athena at Megara.

Cyllaros [L., fr. Gr. Kyllaros.] The horse of Castor.

Plexippus Class. Myth. 1. a brother of Althaea who was killed by his nephew Meleager for attempting to take the hide of the Calydonian Boar from Atalanta. 2. Also called Parthenius. a son of Phineus. Cf. Pandion ( def. 1 ).

Academus [L., fr. Gr. Akadēmos.] Gr. Myth. A hero who told Castor and Pollux where Theseus had hidden Helen.

Servius Tullius the legendary sixth king of ancient Rome who built the city walls and whose accession to the throne was prophesied by and secured with the help of Tanaquil, the widow of the previous king: assassinated by his daughter Tullia and her husband Tarquin.

Tanaquil a legendary queen of Rome who prophesied the future greatness of Servius Tullius and helped him to gain the throne after the murder of her husband by a political faction.

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M. E. XXXIV

Furina An early Latin goddess, whose name in the time of Varro, was known to very few ( Varr. L. L. v. 3 ). There was a sacred grove of this goddess beyond the Tiber ( in which Gaius Gracchus was slain ), and this, with the similitude of the name, led Cicero and others to identify Furina with the Furies ( Cic. N. D. iii. 18 ). The Furinalia were celebrated on the 25th of July.

Acoetes A sailor saved by Bacchus for having espoused the cause of the god when the rest of the crew desired to sell him as a slave. The legend will be found narrated under the title DIONYSUS.

Myrtilus [L., fr. Gr. Myrtilos.] Gr. Myth. The charioteer of Oenomaus ( See HIPPODAMIA ). He was slain by Pelops, laying a curse upon the latter's house.

Protogonos [Gr. prōtogonos firstborn.] Gr. Relig. A form assumed by Eros in Orphism, conceived as generator of the universe.

Aestas [L. See ESTIVAL.] Rom. Relig. A goddess, personification of summer.

Arges [Gr. Argēs, lit., bright.] Gr. Myth. One of the Cyclops.

Chrysippus 2. Class. Myth. a youth who was abducted by King Laius.

Melaenis Class. Myth. an epithet of Aphrodite, meaning "black."

Eudorus ( in the Iliad ) a son of Polymela and Hermes who ledthe Myrmidons in battle against the Trojans.

Celeuthea Class. Myth. an epithet of Athena, meaning "she of the road."

Zagreus In Greek mythology, a son of Zeus and Persephone slain by the Titans and revived as Dionysus. See ORPHIC MYSTERIES.

Auxo Class. Myth. one of the Graces.

Cyllenian adj. [L. Cyllenius, fr. Gr. Kyllēnios.] Of or pertaining to Mount Cyllene, in Arcadia, the fabled birthplace of Hermes, who was hence called Cyllenius; also, of or pertaining to Hermes, th god of commerce, thieving, lying, etc.,; as, Cyllenian art, thievery.

Pasithea Class. Myth. one of the Graces.

Keres In Greek mythology, malignant spirits and bringers of evil.  [ < Gk. Kēres ]

Aeolus  [L., fr. Gr. Aiolos.] Class. Myth. a In the Odyssey, the ruler of "the Aeolian isle," Having dominion over the winds; later, as in the Aeneid, the god of the winds, which he kept confined in caves or released at the bidding of Jove. b A king of Thessaly, founder of the Aeolians branch of the Greeks.

Cabiri a group of gods, probably of Eastern origin, worshiped in mysteries in various parts of ancient Greece, the cult centers being at Samothrace and Thebes. Also, Cabeiri, Kabeiri. ― Cabirean, Cabirian, Cabiric, Cabiritic adj.

Achelous Greek Mythology. the river god, represented as a bull with a human head.

Mygdon The son of Acmon, who fought against the Amazons, and from whom some of the Phrygians are said to have been called Mygdonides ( Pausan. x. 27 ).

Achaemenides A companion of Odysseus, who left him behind in Sicily when he fled from the Cyclops ( Verg. Aen. iii. 614 ).

Acmonides A name given by Ovid to one of the three Cyclops ( q. v. ), called by Vergil Pyracmon, and by other writers Arges.

Curetis (1) A name given to Crete, as being the residence of the Curetes ( Ovid, Met. viii. 136 ). See CURETES. (2) The earlier name of Aetolia.

Aeolides Class. Myth. an epithet applied to descendants of Aeolus.

Talthybius Class. Myth. a herald of Agamemnon who related much tragic news, always with compassion.

Phthia Class. Myth. 1. the mother, by Apollo, of Dorus, Laodocus, and Polypoetes. 2. ( in the Iliad ) the concubine of Amyntor who was seduced by Phoenix, Amyntor's son, at his mother's request.

Lityerses [Gr. Lityērses.] Gr. Myth. A son of Midas accustomed to challenge wayfarers to a reaping-song contest and to bind their heads in the sheaves; also, a reaper's song. Cf. LINUS.

Criophorus [NL. See CRIOPHORE.] Gr. Relig. An epithet of Hermes as protector of flocks.

veritas [L.] Truth; also [cap.], the personification of truth.

Dorium A town of Messenia, where Thamyris the musician challenged the Muses to a trial of skill. Pausanias ( iv. 33 ) notices this ancient town, of which he saw the ruins near a fountain named Achaia.

Anticlea [L., fr. Gr. Antikleia.] 1. Gr. Myth. The mother of Odysseus.

Hippotades A son of Hippotes, and hence = Aeolus. From him the Aeoliae Insulae are called Hippotadae Regnum ( Ovid, Met. xiv. 86 ).

Leucé An island in the Euxine Sea, near the mouth of the Borysthenes. It derived its name from its white, sandy shores. According to the poets, the souls of the ancient heroes were placed here as in the Elysian Fields, and enjoyed perpetual felicity. Here, too, the shade of Achilles is fabled to have been united to that of Helen.

Virginia [L. Virginia, Verginia, fem. of Verginius, Vriginius.] 1. Feminine proper name. 2. In Roman legend, the innocent daughter of the centurion Lucius Virginius. Her beauty having excited the lustful of the decemvir Appius Claudius, he instigated one of his clients to seize her and claim her as his slave. When, however, Appius was about to give judgement in his client's favor, Virginius, seizing a butcher's knife, slew his daughter. This so aroused the city and camp that the decemvirs were deprived of their power. Virginius, being made Tribune, put Appius in prison, where he took his own life.

Hippona A goddess who presided over horses. Her statues were placed in horses' stables ( Juv. viii. 157 ).

Diomedeae Insulae Five small islands in the Adriatic Sea, north of the promontory Garganum in Apulia, named after Diomedes. ( See DIOMEDES. ) The largest of these, called Diomeda Insula or Trimerus ( Tremiti ), was the place whither Iulia, the daughter of Augustus, was exiled ( Tac. Ann. iv. 71 ).

Lips The southwest wind ( Herod. ii. 25 ), corresponding to the Latin Africus.

Polyxena [L., fr. Gr. Polyxenē.] A daughter of Priam and Hecuba, betrothed to Achilles. At their wedding Paris treacherously slew Achilles, and after the fall of Troy Polyxena was sacrificed to his shade. Another story relates that she fell in love with Achilles, fled to the Greeks, and after Achilles's death killed herself on his tomb. See HECUBA.

Inachidae A name given to the first eight successors of Inachus ( q. v. ) on the throne of Argos.

Echion Class. Myth. one of the Sparti, the husband of Agave and father of Pentheus.

Agraulos the Younger Class. Myth. a daughter of Cecrops and Agraulos who was changed into stone for inciting the wrath of Hermes.

Licymnius (1) A son of Electryon and the Phrygian slave Midea, and consequently half-brother of Alcmené. He was married to Perimedé, by whom he became the father of Oeonus, Argeus, and Melas. He was a friend of Heracles, whose son Tlepolemus slew him, according to some unintentionally, and according to others in a fit of anger.

Labdacides A name given to Oedipus as descended from Labdacus. See OEDIPUS.

Pandean adj. Of or pertaining to the god Pan.

Acholoë [NL., fr. Gr. Acholoē, name of a harpy.]

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M. E. XXXIII

fons [L. See 1st FOUNT.] 1. Fount; hence, source. 2. [cap.] Rom. Relig. God of fountains.

Agyieus  [Gr. agyia street.] Gr. Relig. An epithet of Apollo derived from the setting up, at street doors, of Pillars which were regarded as altars or representations of the god.

Thamyris [Gr.] Gr. Myth. A Thracian singer who boasted that he excelled the Muses. He was punished by losing both his sight and his musical power.

Coronus Class. Myth. a companion of Jason who became king of the Lapiths.

Enarete Class. Myth. the wife of Aeolus.

Thiodamas Class. Myth. a Dryopian king slain by Hercules for refusing him one of his oxen.

Iole [L., fr. Gr. Iolē.] Gr. Myth. A daughter of Eurytus, king of Oechalia, who promised her hand to the suiter successful in a contest of archery, but who refused to fullfil his agreement when Hercules won. Hercules sacked the town and took Iole as a captive.

Zoeteus A son of Tricolonus, and founder of the town of Zoetia in Arcadia. ( Paus. viii. 3. § 6; Steph. Byz. s.v).

Macistus 1. A surname of Heracles, who had a temple in the neighbourhood of the town of Macistus in Triphylia. 2. A son of Athamas and brother of Phrixus, from whom the town of Macistus in Triphylia was believed to have derived its name. ( Steph. Byz. s. v. Makistos.)

Cadmilus Or Casmilus, or Cadmus, according to Acusilaus ( ap. Strab. x. p 472 ) a son of Hephaestus and Cabiro, and father of the Samothracian Cabiri and the Cabirian nymphs. Others consider Cadmilus himself as the fourth of the Samothracian Cabiri. ( Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 1. 917; comp. CABIRI ).

Caicias The god of the north-east wind. See ANEMI.

Agamede Class. Myth. a daughter of Augeas noted for her skill at using herbs for healing.

Leonteus ( in the Iliad ) one of Helen's early suitors and a leader of the Greek forces at Troy.

Pandrosos Class. Myth. a daughter of Cecrops and Agraulos who was first priestess of Athena.

Alcyonides The daughters of the giant Alcyoneus. After their father's death, they threw themselves into the sea and were changed into ice-birds. Their names are Phthonia, Anthe, Methone, Alcippe, Pallene, Drimo, and Asteria. ( Eustath. ad Hom. p. 776; Suidas, s. v. Alkuonides.)

Caliadne A Naiad nymph, one of the wives of the Egyptian king Aegyptus. She was the mother of twelve of his fifty sons.

Hylonome During the fight between the Lapiths and the Centaurs at the wedding of Pirithous, Hylonome, the wife of the Centaur Cyllarus, killed herself with the same arrow as had killed her husband, because she did not want to survive him.

Dares ( in the Aeneid ) one of the companions of Aeneas, noted for his boxing skill.

Protesilaus [L., fr. Gr. Prōtesilaos.] Gr. Antiq. A Thessalian warrior, first of the Greeks to be slain at the siege of Troy. An oracle having predicted that the first person to step on land should be killed, he alone dared to sacrifice himself. See LAODAMIA.

Erulus ( in the Aeneid ) a king of Italy whose mother, the goddess Feronia, granted him three lives.

Aristodemus Class. Myth. one of the Heraclidae, a son of Aristomachus and father of Eurystheus and Procles: he was killed by lightning just as he was preparing to invade Peloponnesus.

Hostius Also called Hostus Hostilius, a Roman originally from the colony of Medullia, which was set up by the Albani in Sabine territory. During the reign of Romulus he came  and settled in Rome. After the removal of the Sabines he married HERSILIA by whom he had a son who was the father of King Tullus Hostilius. During the Sabine war on the level ground of the Forum, Hostius disguised himself in the front rank of the Roman army and was the first to be killed. After his death the Romans panicked momentarily until Jupiter Stator intervened to restore order. Hostius had already shown outstanding bravery at the capture of Fidenae for which he was rewarded a laurel wreath.

Phlegyas Class. Myth. a king of the Lapithae who condemned Apollo when he learned that his daughter had been violated by the god. Phlegyas was slain for his irreverence.

Caenis Class. Myth. a daughter of Elatus: her request that she become a man was granted by Poseidon after he had violated her. Cf. Caeneus.

Ithomatas Class. Myth. Zeus: so called because Mount Ithome was dedicated to him.

Cynortes Class. Myth. a son of Amyclas and Diomede.

Liriope an ocean nymph, who became by Cephisus the mother of the beautiful Narcissus.

Brimo an ancient Greek goddess identified with Demeter, Hecate, or Persephone.

Busiris [L., fr. Gr. Bousiris.] a A mythical Egyptian king, killed by Hercules. b In Milton and others, the Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea at the Exodus.

Phyllis [L., fr. Gr. Phyllis.] 1. Literally, a green bough; ─ fem. proper name. 2. In Greek legends a Thracian princess betrothed to Demophoön, son of Theseus. On his failure to return to marry her at the time set, Phyllis, thinking herself deserted, hanged herself and was transformed by the gods into an almond tree.

Caicus 1. Son of Oceanus and Tethys god of the Mysian river. 2. A companion of Aeneas in his voyage from Troy to Italy.

Iobes One of Heracles' sons whose mother was Certhe, one of the daughters of Thespius.

Hecalé A poor old woman who hospitably received Theseus when he had gone out to hunt the Marathonian bull, and offered to Zeus a sacrifice for the safe return of the hero. As she died before his return, Theseus decreed that the people of the Attic tetrapolis should offter a sacrifice to her and to Zeus Hecalesius. See THESEUS.

Illyrius Class. Myth. a son of Cadmus.

Phorcids Class. Myth. the children of Phorcys and Ceto, among them Ladon and the Gorgons.

Cithaeron A mountain, 1, 410 m ( 4, 623 ft ) high, of southeast Greece. It was considered sacred to Dionysus and the Muses.

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Aeacides Class. Myth. a patronymic for any of the descendants of Aeacus, as Achilles, Peleus, and Telamon.

Iphinoë Class. Myth. 1. a daughter of Antia and Proetus who was inficted with madness for her irreverence toward the gods. Cf. Iphianassa ( def. 2 ). 2. the woman who brought Queen Hypsipyle's message of welcome to Jason and the Argonauts.

Hoples Class. Myth. a son of Ion.

Marathon 3. Class. Myth. a son of Epopeus and the father of Corinthus.

Polyhymnia The Muse of sacred song. Also Polymnia.

Aoede Class. Myth. one of the original three Muses; the Muse of song. Also, Aoide. Cf. Melete, mneme ( def. 2 ).

Opheltes Class. Myth. the son of King Lycurgus of Nemea who was killed in infancy by a serpent and in whose memory the Nemean games were held. Also called Archemorus.

Phaënna Class. Myth. one of the Graces worshiped at Sparta.

Sinon a Greek, posing as a deserter, who persuaded the Trojans to take the Trojan Horse into their city.

Meleagrides Class. Myth. the sisters of Meleager of Calydon who were changed into guinea hens by Artemis in order to relieve their grief over the death of their brother.

Admete Class. Myth. a daughter of Eurystheus for whom Hercules took the golden girdle of Ares from Hippolyte.

Symplegades Class. Myth. a pair of rocky islands, at the entrance to the Black Sea, that often clashed together: Athena helped the Argonauts navigate them, after which they became fixed.

Theoclymenus Class. Myth. 1. ( in the Odyssey ) a seer who foretold the return of Odysseus and the death of Penelope's suiters. 2. a son of Proteus and Psamathe who succeeded his father as king of Egypt.

Eurotas Class. Myth. the son of Myles.

Cloacina A Roman divinity who presided over sewers ( cloacae ). More properly, however, the word should be written Cluacina ( from cluo = purgo, Plin. xv. 29, 36 ), being so called because at the end of the war with the Sabines the Romans purified themselves in the vicinity of the statue of Venus with myrtle boughs ( Pliny, 1. c.). Later, the similarity of spelling caused a confusion with cloaca, cloacina. See Lactant. i. 20.

Actis Class. Myth. a son of Rhoda and Helius who, when banished from his throne for fractricide, fled to Egypt, where he taught astrology. The Colossus of Rhodes was built in his honor.

Thespian Lion a lion that attacked the flocks of Amphitryon and was killed by Hercules.

mneme 1. Psychol. the retentive basis or basic principle in a mind or organism accounting for memory. 2. ( cap. ) Class. Myth. the Muse of memory, one of the original three Muses. Cf. Aoede, Melete.   [1950-15; < Gk mnḗmé memory; see MNEMONIC]─mnemic adj.

Pandorus A son of Erechtheus.

Philomides Class. Myth. a king of Lesbos who wrestled and killed every opponent until he himself was defeated by Odysseus.

Tatius Rom. Legend. a Sabine king who, following the rape of the Sabine women, attacked Rome and eventually ruled with Romulus. Also, Titus.

Melete Class. Myth. one of the original three Muses, the Muse of meditation. Cf. Aoede, mneme ( def. 2 ).   [< Gk melétē  care, attention]

Iphition ( in the Iliad ) a Trojan warrior slain  by Achilles.

Lucretia 1. Also, Lucrece. Rom. Legend. a Roman woman whose suicide led to the expulsion of the Tarquins and the establishment of the Roman republic. 2. a female given name.

Thespius Class. Myth. the founder of the city of Thespiae and the father, by Megamede, of 50 daughters, all of whom bore sons to Hercules.

Mynes ( in the Iliad ) a king of Lyrnessus killed by Achilles in the Trojan War.

Scamander The god of the river with the same name, near Troy. He was the father of Teucer and participated in the Trojan War ( Iliad XX, 73; XX, 1).

Iphicles Class. Myth. a son of Alcmene and Amphitryon, the brother of Hercules.

Megara 1. a city in ancient Greece: the chief city of Megaris. 2. Class. Myth. a daughter of Creon whose children were slain by her husband, Hercules, in a fit of madness. ─Megarian, Megarean, Megaric, adj.

Arce Class. Myth. a daughter of Thaumas and the sister of Iris and the Harpies. Zeus took away her wings when she aided the Titans in their war against him.

Nicostratus Class. Myth. a son of Menelaus and Helen who, with his illegitimate brother Megapenthes, expelled Helen from Sparta when Menelaus died. Also, Nikostratos.

Sacred Nine Class. Myth. the Muses.

Troezen ( in ancient geography ) a town in E Peloponnesus near the coast of the Saronic Gulf, regarded in mythology as the birthplace of Theseus.

Minyades Class. Myth. the daughters of Minyas who were driven mad by Dionysus as a punishment for refusing to take part in his revels.

Nidhogg Scand. Myth. a serpent in Niflheim who gnaws upon the lowermost root of Yggdrasil. Also, Nidhug.  [< ON Nithhǫgg, equiv. to nith  evil + hǫgg hewer]

Telchines Class. Myth. nine dog-headed sea monsters who as great artisans crafted the sickle of Cronus and the trident of Poseidon.

Tarne ( in the Iliad ) Sardis.

Apples of the Hesperides Class. Myth. the golden apples given to Hera as a wedding gift. They were in the safekeeping of the Hesperides and of the dragon Ladon.

Veiovis Rom. Religion. a god of the dead, sometimes believed to be of Etruscan origin.

Argus 1. Class. Myth. a giant with 100 eyes, set to guard the heifer Io: his eyes were transferred after his death to the peacock's tail. 2. a son of Phrixus and builder of the Argo. 3. ( in the Odyssey ) Odysseus's faithful dog, who recognized his master after twenty years and immediately died.

Calydonian hunt Class. Myth. the pursuit by Meleager, Atalanta, and others of a savage boar ( Calydonian boar ) sent by Artemis to lay waste to Calydon.

Achaeus Class. Myth. the epomyous founder of Achaea.

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Epaphus [L., fr. Gr. Epaphōs.] Gr. Myth. The son of Zeus by Io, born in Egypt after the wanderings of his mother. He was king of Egypt, and ancestor of a famous line, including Danaus and Cadmus.

Aulestes A Tyrrhenian ally of Aeneas, is called a son of Tiberis and the nymph Manto, and the brother of Ocnus. He was slain by Messapus, and was regarded as the founder of Perusia. ( Virg. Aen. x. 207, xii. 290.).

Messapus A son of Neptune and king of Etruria, who was invulnerable, and a famous tamer of horses. ( Virg. Aen. vii. 691, &c., with the note of Servius.).

Lusia Class. Myth. an epithet of Demeter, meaning "bather," in reference to a rutual bath she took after being raped by Poseidon.

Daedalion Class. Myth. a son of Lucifer who, despotent over the death of his daughter Chione, leaped off Parnassus: Apollo changed him into a hawk.

Abundantia [L.] Abundance or plenty, personified as a goddess by the Romans.

centauro-triton [L. Centaurus+Triton.] Gr. Myth. A monster with the body, head, and arms of a man, forefoot of a horse, and tail of a fish.

Turnus Roman mythology An Italic king who waged unsuccessful war against Aeneas, who killed him.

Rhea Sylvia In Roman mythology, a vestal, the mother by Mars of Romulus and Remus.

Sterope In Greek mythology, one of the Pleiades: also called Asterope. ─ n. Astron. One of the six visible stars in the Pleiades cluster.

Anna Perenna an ancient Roman goddess of longevity: later identified with Anna, the sister of Dido.

Portunus the ancient Roman god of ports and harbors. Also, Portumnus.

Roma 1. Italian name of Rome. 2. ( in ancient Roman legend, according to some accounts, the daughter of Evander for whom Rome was named.

Lycabas The name of three fictitious personages mentioned by Ovid ( Met. iii. 625, v. 60, xii. 302 ).

Paeon 1. A son of Poseidon and Helle, who fell into the Hellespont. In some legends he was called Edonus. ( Hyg. Poet. Astr. ii. 20.) 2. The physician of the gods. [ See PAEAN.]

Laogoras A king of the Dryopes, was allied with the Lapithae against Aegimius, but was slain by Heracles. ( Apollod. ii. 7. § 7.).

Acrisioné Danaë ( q. v.), daughter of Acrisius.

Hypsipyle [Gr. Hypsipylē.] In Greek legend, a woman of Lemnos who spared her father, Thoas, when the women of the island killed the men.

Melpomene In Greek mythology, the Muse of tragety.  [< Gk. Melpomenē, lit., the songstress < melpein to sing ]

Chloeia A festival celebrated at Athens in honour of Demeter Chloé, or simply Chloé, whose temple stood near the Acropolis ( Hesych.v. χλοιά ). It was solemnized in spring, on the sixth of Thargelion, when the blossoms began to appear and much mirth and rejoicing.

Thalia 1. The Muse of comedy and pastoral poetry. 2. One of the three Graces.  [< L< Gk. Thaleia < thallein to bloom ]

Clytië Class. Myth. a water nymph who, having fallen in love with Apollo in his character of sun god was transformed into the heliotrope. Also, Clytia.

sylvan . ─ n. 1. A spirit or deity of the forest. 2. Poetic. A person or animal dwelling in the woods. Also spelled silvan.  [< MF sylvain sylvan < L sylvanus, silvanus < silva wood ]

Jana A Roman goddess. [See JANUS.]

Laonome 1. The wife of Alcaeus, and mother of Amphitryon. ( Paus. viii. 14; see AMPHITRYON.) 2. [See OILEUS and CALLIARUS.] 3. [ See EUPHEMUS.] 4. The wife of Polyphemus, and sister of Heracles. [See POLYPHEMUS, No. 2.]

Euryclea ( in the Odyssey) the nurse of Telemachus who recognized the disguised Odysseus by a scar on his leg. Also, Euryclia.

Golden Bough Class. Myth. a branch of mistletoe, sacred to Proserpina, that served Aeneas as a pass to the underworld.

Oneiros an ancient Greek god of dreams. Also, Oniros.

Laothoë Class. Myth. a concubine of King Priam and the mother, by him, of Lycaon and Polydorus.

Perygines Class. Myth. an epithet of Dionysus, meaning "born of fire."

Euippe 1. Rom. Legend. a daughter of Daunus who married Diomedes. 2. Class. Myth. a horse that was once a maiden. Cf. Thea.

moly 1. A legendary herb possessing magical power and, according to Homer in the Odyssey, given by Hermes to Odysseus for protection against the enchantments of Circe. 2. A wild garlic found in Europe. 3.Informal Molybdeum.  [< L< Gk. mōly ]

apple of discord  In Greek mythology, the golden apple inscribed " for the fairest," thrown among the gods by Eris. Claimed by Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena, it was rewarded by Paris to Aprodite after she promised him Helen.

Lapithae n. pl. Lapith  In Greek mythology, a wild tribe of Thessaly who, at the wedding of their king Pirithous, fought and overcame the centaurs.

ephydriad [Gr. ephydrias, -ados, of the water.] A water nymph. Rare.

Amazon 1. In Greek mythology, one of a race of female warriors said to have lived near the Black Sea. 2. A female warrior. 3. Any large, strong or athletic woman or girl: also amazon.  [ < L < Gk. Amazōn; derived by the Greeks as < a- without + mazōs breast, because of the fable that they cut off the right breast to faciliate the use of the bow ]

Lyctidae [NL., fr. Lyctus, type genus ( fr. L. Lyctus, fr. fr. Gr. Lyktos, mythical founder of Lyctus, city in Crete ) + -idae.]

Astraea In Greek mythology, the goddess of justice.

Triple Hecate Gr. Relig. The goddess as combining three goddesses in one. See HECATE, Illust.

Clashing Rocks Symplegades.

Victrix an ancient Roman epithet variously applied to Venus, Diana, and other goddesses.

Moros Class. Myth. a child of Nyx, and the personification of fate.

Pylades Class. Myth. a son of Strophius who befriended Orestes, accompanied him in his wanderings, and eventually married Electra, sister of Orestes.

nymphaeum 1. a room or area having a fountain, statues, flowers, etc. 2. an architectually treated outlet of a reservoir or aqueduct.  [1760-70; < L < Gk. nymphaîon place sacred to nymphs, n. use of neut. of nymphaîos, equiv. to nýmph (ē) NYMPH + aîos adj. suffix ]

myrtle 1. any plant of the genus Myrtus, esp. M. communis, a shrub of southern Europe having evergreen leaves, fragrant white flowers, and aromatic berries: anciently held sacred to Venus and used as an emblem of love. Cf. myrtle family.

Protogenia Class. Myth. the first woman born after the great flood of Zeus, daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha. Also, Protogenea.

Napaeae Rom. Legend. the nymphs of a dell.

Tyrrheus Rom. Legend. a shepherd. The killing of his tame stag by Ascanius was a cause of the war between Aeneas' Trojans and the people of Latium. Also, Tyrrhus.

Picumnus one of two ancient Roman fertility gods. Cf. Pilumnus.

Sibylla Class. Myth. an Asian maiden who gained from her lover Apollo the gift of prophecy and long life.

Victor 1. an ancient Roman epithet variously applied to Jupiter, Mars, and Hercules.

Pygmy 5. Class. Myth.( in the Iliad ) one of a race of dwarfs who fought battles with cranes, who preyed on them and destroyed their fields.

Eurybates ( in the Odyssey ) a companion of Odysseus.

Danai Class. Myth.1. the Argives. 2. the Greeks.

Cynthia 1. Artemis: so called from her birth on Mt. Cynthus, on Delos. 2. Literary. the moon, the emblem of Artemis. 3. a female given name.

Erigone Class. Myth. a daughter of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus who hanged herself when Orestes was acquitted of the murder of her parents.

wheel of fortune  The wheel that Fortuna, goddess of chance, is represented as turning in order to bring about changes in human destiny, and that symbolizes the uncertainty of fate.

golden age 1. In Greek and Roman legend, an early period of civilization marked by perfect innocence, peace, and happiness. 2. A period of prosperity or excellence, as in a nation's history, art, literature, etc.

Comus 1. In classical mythology, the young god of revelry. 2. A masque ( 1634 ) by John Milton.

Stentor In the Iliad, a herald famous for his loud voice.

Mimas 1. Astron. one of the moons of Saturn. 2. Class. Myth. one of the Gigantes, killed by Hercules. 3. Rom. Legend. a companion of Aeneas, killed by Mezentius.

Ganymeda Class. Myth. Hebe.

a-1966 Random House Dict. of the English Language: The Unabridged Edition