M. E. XXXIV

Furina An early Latin goddess, whose name in the time of Varro, was known to very few ( Varr. L. L. v. 3 ). There was a sacred grove of this goddess beyond the Tiber ( in which Gaius Gracchus was slain ), and this, with the similitude of the name, led Cicero and others to identify Furina with the Furies ( Cic. N. D. iii. 18 ). The Furinalia were celebrated on the 25th of July.

Acoetes A sailor saved by Bacchus for having espoused the cause of the god when the rest of the crew desired to sell him as a slave. The legend will be found narrated under the title DIONYSUS.

Myrtilus [L., fr. Gr. Myrtilos.] Gr. Myth. The charioteer of Oenomaus ( See HIPPODAMIA ). He was slain by Pelops, laying a curse upon the latter's house.

Protogonos [Gr. prōtogonos firstborn.] Gr. Relig. A form assumed by Eros in Orphism, conceived as generator of the universe.

Aestas [L. See ESTIVAL.] Rom. Relig. A goddess, personification of summer.

Arges [Gr. Argēs, lit., bright.] Gr. Myth. One of the Cyclops.

Chrysippus 2. Class. Myth. a youth who was abducted by King Laius.

Melaenis Class. Myth. an epithet of Aphrodite, meaning "black."

Eudorus ( in the Iliad ) a son of Polymela and Hermes who ledthe Myrmidons in battle against the Trojans.

Celeuthea Class. Myth. an epithet of Athena, meaning "she of the road."

Zagreus In Greek mythology, a son of Zeus and Persephone slain by the Titans and revived as Dionysus. See ORPHIC MYSTERIES.

Auxo Class. Myth. one of the Graces.

Cyllenian adj. [L. Cyllenius, fr. Gr. Kyllēnios.] Of or pertaining to Mount Cyllene, in Arcadia, the fabled birthplace of Hermes, who was hence called Cyllenius; also, of or pertaining to Hermes, th god of commerce, thieving, lying, etc.,; as, Cyllenian art, thievery.

Pasithea Class. Myth. one of the Graces.

Keres In Greek mythology, malignant spirits and bringers of evil.  [ < Gk. Kēres ]

Aeolus  [L., fr. Gr. Aiolos.] Class. Myth. a In the Odyssey, the ruler of "the Aeolian isle," Having dominion over the winds; later, as in the Aeneid, the god of the winds, which he kept confined in caves or released at the bidding of Jove. b A king of Thessaly, founder of the Aeolians branch of the Greeks.

Cabiri a group of gods, probably of Eastern origin, worshiped in mysteries in various parts of ancient Greece, the cult centers being at Samothrace and Thebes. Also, Cabeiri, Kabeiri. ― Cabirean, Cabirian, Cabiric, Cabiritic adj.

Achelous Greek Mythology. the river god, represented as a bull with a human head.

Mygdon The son of Acmon, who fought against the Amazons, and from whom some of the Phrygians are said to have been called Mygdonides ( Pausan. x. 27 ).

Achaemenides A companion of Odysseus, who left him behind in Sicily when he fled from the Cyclops ( Verg. Aen. iii. 614 ).

Acmonides A name given by Ovid to one of the three Cyclops ( q. v. ), called by Vergil Pyracmon, and by other writers Arges.

Curetis (1) A name given to Crete, as being the residence of the Curetes ( Ovid, Met. viii. 136 ). See CURETES. (2) The earlier name of Aetolia.

Aeolides Class. Myth. an epithet applied to descendants of Aeolus.

Talthybius Class. Myth. a herald of Agamemnon who related much tragic news, always with compassion.

Phthia Class. Myth. 1. the mother, by Apollo, of Dorus, Laodocus, and Polypoetes. 2. ( in the Iliad ) the concubine of Amyntor who was seduced by Phoenix, Amyntor's son, at his mother's request.

Lityerses [Gr. Lityērses.] Gr. Myth. A son of Midas accustomed to challenge wayfarers to a reaping-song contest and to bind their heads in the sheaves; also, a reaper's song. Cf. LINUS.

Criophorus [NL. See CRIOPHORE.] Gr. Relig. An epithet of Hermes as protector of flocks.

veritas [L.] Truth; also [cap.], the personification of truth.

Dorium A town of Messenia, where Thamyris the musician challenged the Muses to a trial of skill. Pausanias ( iv. 33 ) notices this ancient town, of which he saw the ruins near a fountain named Achaia.

Anticlea [L., fr. Gr. Antikleia.] 1. Gr. Myth. The mother of Odysseus.

Hippotades A son of Hippotes, and hence = Aeolus. From him the Aeoliae Insulae are called Hippotadae Regnum ( Ovid, Met. xiv. 86 ).

Leucé An island in the Euxine Sea, near the mouth of the Borysthenes. It derived its name from its white, sandy shores. According to the poets, the souls of the ancient heroes were placed here as in the Elysian Fields, and enjoyed perpetual felicity. Here, too, the shade of Achilles is fabled to have been united to that of Helen.

Virginia [L. Virginia, Verginia, fem. of Verginius, Vriginius.] 1. Feminine proper name. 2. In Roman legend, the innocent daughter of the centurion Lucius Virginius. Her beauty having excited the lustful of the decemvir Appius Claudius, he instigated one of his clients to seize her and claim her as his slave. When, however, Appius was about to give judgement in his client's favor, Virginius, seizing a butcher's knife, slew his daughter. This so aroused the city and camp that the decemvirs were deprived of their power. Virginius, being made Tribune, put Appius in prison, where he took his own life.

Hippona A goddess who presided over horses. Her statues were placed in horses' stables ( Juv. viii. 157 ).

Diomedeae Insulae Five small islands in the Adriatic Sea, north of the promontory Garganum in Apulia, named after Diomedes. ( See DIOMEDES. ) The largest of these, called Diomeda Insula or Trimerus ( Tremiti ), was the place whither Iulia, the daughter of Augustus, was exiled ( Tac. Ann. iv. 71 ).

Lips The southwest wind ( Herod. ii. 25 ), corresponding to the Latin Africus.

Polyxena [L., fr. Gr. Polyxenē.] A daughter of Priam and Hecuba, betrothed to Achilles. At their wedding Paris treacherously slew Achilles, and after the fall of Troy Polyxena was sacrificed to his shade. Another story relates that she fell in love with Achilles, fled to the Greeks, and after Achilles's death killed herself on his tomb. See HECUBA.

Inachidae A name given to the first eight successors of Inachus ( q. v. ) on the throne of Argos.

Echion Class. Myth. one of the Sparti, the husband of Agave and father of Pentheus.

Agraulos the Younger Class. Myth. a daughter of Cecrops and Agraulos who was changed into stone for inciting the wrath of Hermes.

Licymnius (1) A son of Electryon and the Phrygian slave Midea, and consequently half-brother of Alcmené. He was married to Perimedé, by whom he became the father of Oeonus, Argeus, and Melas. He was a friend of Heracles, whose son Tlepolemus slew him, according to some unintentionally, and according to others in a fit of anger.

Labdacides A name given to Oedipus as descended from Labdacus. See OEDIPUS.

Pandean adj. Of or pertaining to the god Pan.

Acholoë [NL., fr. Gr. Acholoē, name of a harpy.]

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fons [L. See 1st FOUNT.] 1. Fount; hence, source. 2. [cap.] Rom. Relig. God of fountains.

Agyieus  [Gr. agyia street.] Gr. Relig. An epithet of Apollo derived from the setting up, at street doors, of Pillars which were regarded as altars or representations of the god.

Thamyris [Gr.] Gr. Myth. A Thracian singer who boasted that he excelled the Muses. He was punished by losing both his sight and his musical power.

Coronus Class. Myth. a companion of Jason who became king of the Lapiths.

Enarete Class. Myth. the wife of Aeolus.

Thiodamas Class. Myth. a Dryopian king slain by Hercules for refusing him one of his oxen.

Iole [L., fr. Gr. Iolē.] Gr. Myth. A daughter of Eurytus, king of Oechalia, who promised her hand to the suiter successful in a contest of archery, but who refused to fullfil his agreement when Hercules won. Hercules sacked the town and took Iole as a captive.

Zoeteus A son of Tricolonus, and founder of the town of Zoetia in Arcadia. ( Paus. viii. 3. § 6; Steph. Byz. s.v).

Macistus 1. A surname of Heracles, who had a temple in the neighbourhood of the town of Macistus in Triphylia. 2. A son of Athamas and brother of Phrixus, from whom the town of Macistus in Triphylia was believed to have derived its name. ( Steph. Byz. s. v. Makistos.)

Cadmilus Or Casmilus, or Cadmus, according to Acusilaus ( ap. Strab. x. p 472 ) a son of Hephaestus and Cabiro, and father of the Samothracian Cabiri and the Cabirian nymphs. Others consider Cadmilus himself as the fourth of the Samothracian Cabiri. ( Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 1. 917; comp. CABIRI ).

Caicias The god of the north-east wind. See ANEMI.

Agamede Class. Myth. a daughter of Augeas noted for her skill at using herbs for healing.

Leonteus ( in the Iliad ) one of Helen's early suitors and a leader of the Greek forces at Troy.

Pandrosos Class. Myth. a daughter of Cecrops and Agraulos who was first priestess of Athena.

Alcyonides The daughters of the giant Alcyoneus. After their father's death, they threw themselves into the sea and were changed into ice-birds. Their names are Phthonia, Anthe, Methone, Alcippe, Pallene, Drimo, and Asteria. ( Eustath. ad Hom. p. 776; Suidas, s. v. Alkuonides.)

Caliadne A Naiad nymph, one of the wives of the Egyptian king Aegyptus. She was the mother of twelve of his fifty sons.

Hylonome During the fight between the Lapiths and the Centaurs at the wedding of Pirithous, Hylonome, the wife of the Centaur Cyllarus, killed herself with the same arrow as had killed her husband, because she did not want to survive him.

Dares ( in the Aeneid ) one of the companions of Aeneas, noted for his boxing skill.

Protesilaus [L., fr. Gr. Prōtesilaos.] Gr. Antiq. A Thessalian warrior, first of the Greeks to be slain at the siege of Troy. An oracle having predicted that the first person to step on land should be killed, he alone dared to sacrifice himself. See LAODAMIA.

Erulus ( in the Aeneid ) a king of Italy whose mother, the goddess Feronia, granted him three lives.

Aristodemus Class. Myth. one of the Heraclidae, a son of Aristomachus and father of Eurystheus and Procles: he was killed by lightning just as he was preparing to invade Peloponnesus.

Hostius Also called Hostus Hostilius, a Roman originally from the colony of Medullia, which was set up by the Albani in Sabine territory. During the reign of Romulus he came  and settled in Rome. After the removal of the Sabines he married HERSILIA by whom he had a son who was the father of King Tullus Hostilius. During the Sabine war on the level ground of the Forum, Hostius disguised himself in the front rank of the Roman army and was the first to be killed. After his death the Romans panicked momentarily until Jupiter Stator intervened to restore order. Hostius had already shown outstanding bravery at the capture of Fidenae for which he was rewarded a laurel wreath.

Phlegyas Class. Myth. a king of the Lapithae who condemned Apollo when he learned that his daughter had been violated by the god. Phlegyas was slain for his irreverence.

Caenis Class. Myth. a daughter of Elatus: her request that she become a man was granted by Poseidon after he had violated her. Cf. Caeneus.

Ithomatas Class. Myth. Zeus: so called because Mount Ithome was dedicated to him.

Cynortes Class. Myth. a son of Amyclas and Diomede.

Liriope an ocean nymph, who became by Cephisus the mother of the beautiful Narcissus.

Brimo an ancient Greek goddess identified with Demeter, Hecate, or Persephone.

Busiris [L., fr. Gr. Bousiris.] a A mythical Egyptian king, killed by Hercules. b In Milton and others, the Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea at the Exodus.

Phyllis [L., fr. Gr. Phyllis.] 1. Literally, a green bough; ─ fem. proper name. 2. In Greek legends a Thracian princess betrothed to Demophoön, son of Theseus. On his failure to return to marry her at the time set, Phyllis, thinking herself deserted, hanged herself and was transformed by the gods into an almond tree.

Caicus 1. Son of Oceanus and Tethys god of the Mysian river. 2. A companion of Aeneas in his voyage from Troy to Italy.

Iobes One of Heracles' sons whose mother was Certhe, one of the daughters of Thespius.

Hecalé A poor old woman who hospitably received Theseus when he had gone out to hunt the Marathonian bull, and offered to Zeus a sacrifice for the safe return of the hero. As she died before his return, Theseus decreed that the people of the Attic tetrapolis should offter a sacrifice to her and to Zeus Hecalesius. See THESEUS.

Illyrius Class. Myth. a son of Cadmus.

Phorcids Class. Myth. the children of Phorcys and Ceto, among them Ladon and the Gorgons.

Cithaeron A mountain, 1, 410 m ( 4, 623 ft ) high, of southeast Greece. It was considered sacred to Dionysus and the Muses.

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Aeacides Class. Myth. a patronymic for any of the descendants of Aeacus, as Achilles, Peleus, and Telamon.

Iphinoë Class. Myth. 1. a daughter of Antia and Proetus who was inficted with madness for her irreverence toward the gods. Cf. Iphianassa ( def. 2 ). 2. the woman who brought Queen Hypsipyle's message of welcome to Jason and the Argonauts.

Hoples Class. Myth. a son of Ion.

Marathon 3. Class. Myth. a son of Epopeus and the father of Corinthus.

Polyhymnia The Muse of sacred song. Also Polymnia.

Aoede Class. Myth. one of the original three Muses; the Muse of song. Also, Aoide. Cf. Melete, mneme ( def. 2 ).

Opheltes Class. Myth. the son of King Lycurgus of Nemea who was killed in infancy by a serpent and in whose memory the Nemean games were held. Also called Archemorus.

Phaënna Class. Myth. one of the Graces worshiped at Sparta.

Sinon a Greek, posing as a deserter, who persuaded the Trojans to take the Trojan Horse into their city.

Meleagrides Class. Myth. the sisters of Meleager of Calydon who were changed into guinea hens by Artemis in order to relieve their grief over the death of their brother.

Admete Class. Myth. a daughter of Eurystheus for whom Hercules took the golden girdle of Ares from Hippolyte.

Symplegades Class. Myth. a pair of rocky islands, at the entrance to the Black Sea, that often clashed together: Athena helped the Argonauts navigate them, after which they became fixed.

Theoclymenus Class. Myth. 1. ( in the Odyssey ) a seer who foretold the return of Odysseus and the death of Penelope's suiters. 2. a son of Proteus and Psamathe who succeeded his father as king of Egypt.

Eurotas Class. Myth. the son of Myles.

Cloacina A Roman divinity who presided over sewers ( cloacae ). More properly, however, the word should be written Cluacina ( from cluo = purgo, Plin. xv. 29, 36 ), being so called because at the end of the war with the Sabines the Romans purified themselves in the vicinity of the statue of Venus with myrtle boughs ( Pliny, 1. c.). Later, the similarity of spelling caused a confusion with cloaca, cloacina. See Lactant. i. 20.

Actis Class. Myth. a son of Rhoda and Helius who, when banished from his throne for fractricide, fled to Egypt, where he taught astrology. The Colossus of Rhodes was built in his honor.

Thespian Lion a lion that attacked the flocks of Amphitryon and was killed by Hercules.

mneme 1. Psychol. the retentive basis or basic principle in a mind or organism accounting for memory. 2. ( cap. ) Class. Myth. the Muse of memory, one of the original three Muses. Cf. Aoede, Melete.   [1950-15; < Gk mnḗmé memory; see MNEMONIC]─mnemic adj.

Pandorus A son of Erechtheus.

Philomides Class. Myth. a king of Lesbos who wrestled and killed every opponent until he himself was defeated by Odysseus.

Tatius Rom. Legend. a Sabine king who, following the rape of the Sabine women, attacked Rome and eventually ruled with Romulus. Also, Titus.

Melete Class. Myth. one of the original three Muses, the Muse of meditation. Cf. Aoede, mneme ( def. 2 ).   [< Gk melétē  care, attention]

Iphition ( in the Iliad ) a Trojan warrior slain  by Achilles.

Lucretia 1. Also, Lucrece. Rom. Legend. a Roman woman whose suicide led to the expulsion of the Tarquins and the establishment of the Roman republic. 2. a female given name.

Thespius Class. Myth. the founder of the city of Thespiae and the father, by Megamede, of 50 daughters, all of whom bore sons to Hercules.

Mynes ( in the Iliad ) a king of Lyrnessus killed by Achilles in the Trojan War.

Scamander The god of the river with the same name, near Troy. He was the father of Teucer and participated in the Trojan War ( Iliad XX, 73; XX, 1).

Iphicles Class. Myth. a son of Alcmene and Amphitryon, the brother of Hercules.

Megara 1. a city in ancient Greece: the chief city of Megaris. 2. Class. Myth. a daughter of Creon whose children were slain by her husband, Hercules, in a fit of madness. ─Megarian, Megarean, Megaric, adj.

Arce Class. Myth. a daughter of Thaumas and the sister of Iris and the Harpies. Zeus took away her wings when she aided the Titans in their war against him.

Nicostratus Class. Myth. a son of Menelaus and Helen who, with his illegitimate brother Megapenthes, expelled Helen from Sparta when Menelaus died. Also, Nikostratos.

Sacred Nine Class. Myth. the Muses.

Troezen ( in ancient geography ) a town in E Peloponnesus near the coast of the Saronic Gulf, regarded in mythology as the birthplace of Theseus.

Minyades Class. Myth. the daughters of Minyas who were driven mad by Dionysus as a punishment for refusing to take part in his revels.

Nidhogg Scand. Myth. a serpent in Niflheim who gnaws upon the lowermost root of Yggdrasil. Also, Nidhug.  [< ON Nithhǫgg, equiv. to nith  evil + hǫgg hewer]

Telchines Class. Myth. nine dog-headed sea monsters who as great artisans crafted the sickle of Cronus and the trident of Poseidon.

Tarne ( in the Iliad ) Sardis.

Apples of the Hesperides Class. Myth. the golden apples given to Hera as a wedding gift. They were in the safekeeping of the Hesperides and of the dragon Ladon.

Veiovis Rom. Religion. a god of the dead, sometimes believed to be of Etruscan origin.

Argus 1. Class. Myth. a giant with 100 eyes, set to guard the heifer Io: his eyes were transferred after his death to the peacock's tail. 2. a son of Phrixus and builder of the Argo. 3. ( in the Odyssey ) Odysseus's faithful dog, who recognized his master after twenty years and immediately died.

Calydonian hunt Class. Myth. the pursuit by Meleager, Atalanta, and others of a savage boar ( Calydonian boar ) sent by Artemis to lay waste to Calydon.

Achaeus Class. Myth. the epomyous founder of Achaea.

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Epaphus [L., fr. Gr. Epaphōs.] Gr. Myth. The son of Zeus by Io, born in Egypt after the wanderings of his mother. He was king of Egypt, and ancestor of a famous line, including Danaus and Cadmus.

Aulestes A Tyrrhenian ally of Aeneas, is called a son of Tiberis and the nymph Manto, and the brother of Ocnus. He was slain by Messapus, and was regarded as the founder of Perusia. ( Virg. Aen. x. 207, xii. 290.).

Messapus A son of Neptune and king of Etruria, who was invulnerable, and a famous tamer of horses. ( Virg. Aen. vii. 691, &c., with the note of Servius.).

Lusia Class. Myth. an epithet of Demeter, meaning "bather," in reference to a rutual bath she took after being raped by Poseidon.

Daedalion Class. Myth. a son of Lucifer who, despotent over the death of his daughter Chione, leaped off Parnassus: Apollo changed him into a hawk.

Abundantia [L.] Abundance or plenty, personified as a goddess by the Romans.

centauro-triton [L. Centaurus+Triton.] Gr. Myth. A monster with the body, head, and arms of a man, forefoot of a horse, and tail of a fish.

Turnus Roman mythology An Italic king who waged unsuccessful war against Aeneas, who killed him.

Rhea Sylvia In Roman mythology, a vestal, the mother by Mars of Romulus and Remus.

Sterope In Greek mythology, one of the Pleiades: also called Asterope. ─ n. Astron. One of the six visible stars in the Pleiades cluster.

Anna Perenna an ancient Roman goddess of longevity: later identified with Anna, the sister of Dido.

Portunus the ancient Roman god of ports and harbors. Also, Portumnus.

Roma 1. Italian name of Rome. 2. ( in ancient Roman legend, according to some accounts, the daughter of Evander for whom Rome was named.

Lycabas The name of three fictitious personages mentioned by Ovid ( Met. iii. 625, v. 60, xii. 302 ).

Paeon 1. A son of Poseidon and Helle, who fell into the Hellespont. In some legends he was called Edonus. ( Hyg. Poet. Astr. ii. 20.) 2. The physician of the gods. [ See PAEAN.]

Laogoras A king of the Dryopes, was allied with the Lapithae against Aegimius, but was slain by Heracles. ( Apollod. ii. 7. § 7.).

Acrisioné Danaë ( q. v.), daughter of Acrisius.

Hypsipyle [Gr. Hypsipylē.] In Greek legend, a woman of Lemnos who spared her father, Thoas, when the women of the island killed the men.

Melpomene In Greek mythology, the Muse of tragety.  [< Gk. Melpomenē, lit., the songstress < melpein to sing ]

Chloeia A festival celebrated at Athens in honour of Demeter Chloé, or simply Chloé, whose temple stood near the Acropolis ( Hesych.v. χλοιά ). It was solemnized in spring, on the sixth of Thargelion, when the blossoms began to appear and much mirth and rejoicing.

Thalia 1. The Muse of comedy and pastoral poetry. 2. One of the three Graces.  [< L< Gk. Thaleia < thallein to bloom ]

Clytië Class. Myth. a water nymph who, having fallen in love with Apollo in his character of sun god was transformed into the heliotrope. Also, Clytia.

sylvan . ─ n. 1. A spirit or deity of the forest. 2. Poetic. A person or animal dwelling in the woods. Also spelled silvan.  [< MF sylvain sylvan < L sylvanus, silvanus < silva wood ]

Jana A Roman goddess. [See JANUS.]

Laonome 1. The wife of Alcaeus, and mother of Amphitryon. ( Paus. viii. 14; see AMPHITRYON.) 2. [See OILEUS and CALLIARUS.] 3. [ See EUPHEMUS.] 4. The wife of Polyphemus, and sister of Heracles. [See POLYPHEMUS, No. 2.]

Euryclea ( in the Odyssey) the nurse of Telemachus who recognized the disguised Odysseus by a scar on his leg. Also, Euryclia.

Golden Bough Class. Myth. a branch of mistletoe, sacred to Proserpina, that served Aeneas as a pass to the underworld.

Oneiros an ancient Greek god of dreams. Also, Oniros.

Laothoë Class. Myth. a concubine of King Priam and the mother, by him, of Lycaon and Polydorus.

Perygines Class. Myth. an epithet of Dionysus, meaning "born of fire."

Euippe 1. Rom. Legend. a daughter of Daunus who married Diomedes. 2. Class. Myth. a horse that was once a maiden. Cf. Thea.

moly 1. A legendary herb possessing magical power and, according to Homer in the Odyssey, given by Hermes to Odysseus for protection against the enchantments of Circe. 2. A wild garlic found in Europe. 3.Informal Molybdeum.  [< L< Gk. mōly ]

apple of discord  In Greek mythology, the golden apple inscribed " for the fairest," thrown among the gods by Eris. Claimed by Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena, it was rewarded by Paris to Aprodite after she promised him Helen.

Lapithae n. pl. Lapith  In Greek mythology, a wild tribe of Thessaly who, at the wedding of their king Pirithous, fought and overcame the centaurs.

ephydriad [Gr. ephydrias, -ados, of the water.] A water nymph. Rare.

Amazon 1. In Greek mythology, one of a race of female warriors said to have lived near the Black Sea. 2. A female warrior. 3. Any large, strong or athletic woman or girl: also amazon.  [ < L < Gk. Amazōn; derived by the Greeks as < a- without + mazōs breast, because of the fable that they cut off the right breast to faciliate the use of the bow ]

Lyctidae [NL., fr. Lyctus, type genus ( fr. L. Lyctus, fr. fr. Gr. Lyktos, mythical founder of Lyctus, city in Crete ) + -idae.]

Astraea In Greek mythology, the goddess of justice.

Triple Hecate Gr. Relig. The goddess as combining three goddesses in one. See HECATE, Illust.

Clashing Rocks Symplegades.

Victrix an ancient Roman epithet variously applied to Venus, Diana, and other goddesses.

Moros Class. Myth. a child of Nyx, and the personification of fate.

Pylades Class. Myth. a son of Strophius who befriended Orestes, accompanied him in his wanderings, and eventually married Electra, sister of Orestes.

nymphaeum 1. a room or area having a fountain, statues, flowers, etc. 2. an architectually treated outlet of a reservoir or aqueduct.  [1760-70; < L < Gk. nymphaîon place sacred to nymphs, n. use of neut. of nymphaîos, equiv. to nýmph (ē) NYMPH + aîos adj. suffix ]

myrtle 1. any plant of the genus Myrtus, esp. M. communis, a shrub of southern Europe having evergreen leaves, fragrant white flowers, and aromatic berries: anciently held sacred to Venus and used as an emblem of love. Cf. myrtle family.

Protogenia Class. Myth. the first woman born after the great flood of Zeus, daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha. Also, Protogenea.

Napaeae Rom. Legend. the nymphs of a dell.

Tyrrheus Rom. Legend. a shepherd. The killing of his tame stag by Ascanius was a cause of the war between Aeneas' Trojans and the people of Latium. Also, Tyrrhus.

Picumnus one of two ancient Roman fertility gods. Cf. Pilumnus.

Sibylla Class. Myth. an Asian maiden who gained from her lover Apollo the gift of prophecy and long life.

Victor 1. an ancient Roman epithet variously applied to Jupiter, Mars, and Hercules.

Pygmy 5. Class. Myth.( in the Iliad ) one of a race of dwarfs who fought battles with cranes, who preyed on them and destroyed their fields.

Eurybates ( in the Odyssey ) a companion of Odysseus.

Danai Class. Myth.1. the Argives. 2. the Greeks.

Cynthia 1. Artemis: so called from her birth on Mt. Cynthus, on Delos. 2. Literary. the moon, the emblem of Artemis. 3. a female given name.

Erigone Class. Myth. a daughter of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus who hanged herself when Orestes was acquitted of the murder of her parents.

wheel of fortune  The wheel that Fortuna, goddess of chance, is represented as turning in order to bring about changes in human destiny, and that symbolizes the uncertainty of fate.

golden age 1. In Greek and Roman legend, an early period of civilization marked by perfect innocence, peace, and happiness. 2. A period of prosperity or excellence, as in a nation's history, art, literature, etc.

Comus 1. In classical mythology, the young god of revelry. 2. A masque ( 1634 ) by John Milton.

Stentor In the Iliad, a herald famous for his loud voice.

Mimas 1. Astron. one of the moons of Saturn. 2. Class. Myth. one of the Gigantes, killed by Hercules. 3. Rom. Legend. a companion of Aeneas, killed by Mezentius.

Ganymeda Class. Myth. Hebe.

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Chione Class. Myth. 1. a daughter of Daedalion who was the mother of twin sons: Philammon, fathered by Apollo, and Autolycus, fathered by Hermes. 2. a daughter of Boreas and Orithyia.

Anius Class. Myth. the son of Apollo and Rhoeo who became king of Delos.

Polydectes Class. Myth. a king of Seriphus who wanted to marry Danaë but who was turned to stone when her son Perseus showed him the head of Medusa.

Perses Class. Myth. a son of Perseus and Andromeda and the ancestor of the kings of Persia. 2. brother of King Aeëtes of Colchis. Having murdered Aeëtes and seized the throne, Perses was killed by his niece Medea and her son Medus.

Carpophorus Class. Myth. an epithet of both Demeter and her daughter, Persephone, meaning " fruit-bearer."

Cephissus The divinity of the river Cephissus, is described as a son of Pontus and Thalassa, and the father of Diogenia and Narcissus, who therefore is called Cephisius. ( Hygin. Fab. Praef.; Apollod. iii. 5 & 1; Ov. Met. iii. 343, &c.) He had an altar in common with Pan, the Nymphs, and Achelous, in the temple of Amphiaraus near Oropus. ( Paus. i. 34. 2.).

Laurina The daughter of Latinus and wife of Locrus. [ See LATINUS.]

Phaeax Class. Myth. a son of Corcyra and Poseidon, and the eponymous founder of the Phaeacians.

Ascra The mother of Oeoclus by Poseidon. [See OEOCLUS.]

Mezentius [L.] Roman Myth. A cruel Etruscan king who aided Turnus against Aeneas. He bound living persons face to face with dead ones, leaving them to starve. ─ Mezentian, adj. ─ Mezentism, n.

Altis [Gr.] Gr. Antiq. The sacred enclosure or grove at Olympia, near which the Olympic games were held.

Ovillus [NL., fr. L. ovillus of sheep; ─ in ref. to the sheep of the Hesperides, by confusion of Gr. mēlon sheep with mēlon apple.] Astron. Hercules; ─ occasional name.

Tarpeia Class. Myth. a vestal virgin who betrayed Rome to the Sabines and was crushed under their shields when she claimed a reward.

Delphicus A surname of Apollo, from his sanctuary and worship at Delphi ( q. v.).

Clymeneides A patronymic name given to Phaëthon's sisters, who were the daughters of Clymené.

Heraeum The name given to any temple of Heré, that of Argos being the most famous.

Cheloné A nymph who was the only one of the deities that did not attend the nuptials of Zeus and Heré, and who even made the celebration a subject of ridicule. Hermes thereupon precipated her into a river, on the banks of which her mansion was situated, and transformed her into a tortoise, under which shape she was doomed to perpetual silence, and to the necessity of always carrying her dwelling about with her. The Greek for a tortoise is χελώνη, and hence the fable arose.

Aloeus Class. Myth. a son of Poseidon, husband of Iphimedia, and foster father of Otus and Ephialtes. Cf. Aloadae.

Liber an ancient Italian god of wine and vineyards, in later times identified with Bacchus.

Amata Rom. Legend. the mother, by Latinus, of Lavinia.

Dactyl Class. Myth. any of a number of beings dwelling on Mount Ida and working as metalworkers and magicians. Also, Daktyl.  [ < Gk. Dáktyloi ( Idaîoi ) ( Idaean ) craftsmen or wizards ( pl. of dáktylos; see DACTYL )]

Chloris [L., fr. Gr. Chlōris.] 1. Gr. Myth. a The goddess of flowers and wife of Zephyrus; ─ identified with the Roman Flora. b A daughter of Amphion and Niobé, who with one brother escaped the destruction visited by Apollo and Artemis upon Niobe's children.

protogod A primary or primitive god from whose attributes other gods are developed.

King of Men a In Homer's Iliad, Agamemnon, King of Mycenae. b Class. Myth. Zeus, or Jupiter. c Odin.

Galene A personification of the calm sea, and perhaps identical with Galatea, one of the Nereides, is called by Hesiod (Theog. 244) a daughter of Nereus and Doris.

Laelaps Class. Myth. a hound fated to capture what it pursued, borrowed from Cephalus by Amphitryon to chase a vixen fated to escape anything pursuing it. The hound was petrified, with the vixen, by the gods to solve the inherent dilemma.

Astrateia Class. Myth. Artemis: so called because she stopped an Amazon invasion in Laconia. [<Gk Astrateia she that stops an invasion]

Apomyius Class. Myth. an epithet of Zeus, meaning "averter of flies," in reference to his freeing Elis from the pestilence brought on by flies.

Caunus Class. Myth. the brother of Byblis.

Hecamede A maiden of Tenedos, and daughter of Arsinous. When Achilles took the island, Hecamede was given to Nestor as a slave. ( Hom. Il. xi. 622, xiv.6.)

Euthymus A hero of Locri in Italy, was a son of Astycles or of the river-god Caecinus. He was famous for his strength and skill in boxing, and delivered the town of Temessa from the evil spirit Polites, to whom a fair maiden was sacrificed every year. Euthymus himself disappeared at an advanced age in the river Caecinus. (Strab. vi. p. 255; Aelian, V.H. viii. 18; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1409.) He gained several victories at Olympia ( Ol. 74, 76, and 77); and a statue of his at Olympia was the work of Pythagoras. (Paus. vi. 6. § 2, 10. § 2.)

Rhetia The mother of the Samothracian Corybantes by Apollo. [See CABEIRI.]

Asteria Class. Myth. a Titaness, the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe, sister of Leto, and mother of Hecate: she was transformed into the island of Delos.

Asius ( in the Iliad ) 1. the son of Hyrtacus who was slain by Idomeneus. 2. a son of Dymas and the brother of Hecuba.

Eleutho A surname of Ilithyia, from her coming ( ελθείν ), when invoked to the aid of women in labour ( Pind. Ol. vi. 72 ).

Bromian adj. [L. Bromius, fr. Gr. Bromios.] Of or pertaining to Bromios, or Dionysus ( which see ). ─ n. Bromian drink; wine.

Larunda or Lara Daughter of Almon, the nymph who informed Iuno of the connection between Iupiter and Iuturna: hence her name was connected with λαλείν. Iupiter deprived her of her tongue, and ordered Mercury to conduct her to the lower world. One the way thither Mercury fell in love with her and she afterwords gave birth to two Lares ( Ovid, Fasti, ii. 599 foll.; Macrob. 1. 7, 34 ). See LARES.

Ephialtes [L., fr. Gr. Ephialtēs.] 1. Gr. Myth. One of the Aloadae ( which see ).

Rhoecus (1) A Centaur, who, in conjunction with Hylaeus, pursued Atalanta in Arcadia, but was killed by her with an arrow.

Priamedes A patronymic applied to Paris, as being a son of Priam. It is also given to Hector, Deïphobus, and all the other children of the Trojan king ( Verg. Aen. iii. 295 foll.).

Enarephorus Son of Hippocoön. He was a passionate admirer of Helen when she was still very young, so that Tyndareus intrusted her to the care of Theseus. See HELENA.

Apharidae [L., fr. Gr. Apharidai.] Gr. Myth. Sons of Aphareus. See IDAS.

Rhodope [NL., fr. Gr. Rhodopē, name of a nymph.]

Saggitary [See SAGGITARIUS.] 3. Myth. A monster fabled in medieval Troy romances to have fought in the Trojan army; also [ not cap.], a centaur.

Cydippida [NL., fr. L. Cydippe, fr. Gr. Kydippē, name of a Nereid.]

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M. E. XXIX

Eryx Class. Myth. a boxer who challenged Hercules to a match and was killed by him.

Thebe Class. Myth. a daughter of Asopus and Metope who was abducted by Zeus.

Phemius ( in the Odyssey ) a bard who, against his will, entertained the suitors of Penelope.

Stator [L.] Rom. Relig. An epithet of Jupiter, probably originally meaning stayer, establisher. It was sometimes interpreted as meaning one who stays an army in flight.

Locrus Class. Myth. the eponymous king of the Locrians.

Aqueus Class. Myth. an epithet of Zeus, meaning "watery," referring to the time when ancient priestesses interpreted the murmer of the water of a sacred spring as the voice of Zeus.

Prodromia Class. Myth. an epithet of Hera, meaning "pioneer."

Chthonius Class. Myth. 1. one of the Sparti. 2. an epithet of Zeus, meaning "of the underworld."

Hemerasia Class. Myth. an epithet of Artemis, meaning "she who soothes."

Perimedes Class. Myth. 1. a son of Eurystheus. 2. ( in the Odyssey ) one of the companions of Odysseus on his trip to the underworld.

Chaos According to Hesiod, the yawning, unfathomable abyss which was the first of all existing things. From Chaos arose Gaea ( Earth ), Tartarus ( Hell ), and Eros ( Love ). Chaos bore Erebus and Night; from their union sprang Aether and Hemera ( Sky and Day ). The conception of Chaos is the confused mass out of which, in the begining, the separate forms of things arose is erroneous, and belongs to a later period.

ox-eyed adj. Having eyes like those of an ox; ─ translation of Gr. boōpis boöpis, used by Homer as an epithet for Hera.

Atreus [L., fr. Gr. Atreus.] A son of Pelops ( which see ) and Hippodamia, and father of Menelaus and Agamemnon. Atreus and his brother Thyestes slew their half brother Chrysippus. They fled to Mycenae, where Atreus became king and married Aërope, daughter of Minos, king of Crete. Thyestes seduced Aërope, and sent Pleisthenes ( Atreus's son ) to kill Atreus; Atreus unwittingly slew Pleisthenes, and, feigning reconciliation with Thyestes, killed three of the sons of Thyestes and served them in a banquet to their father, whereupon Thyestes cursed the house of Atreus. Atreus was slain by Aegisthus, son of Thyestes. Cf. AGAMEMNON.

Saturn In Roman mythology, the god of agriculture: identified with the Greek Cronus. ─ n. The second largest planet of the solar system and sixth in order from the sun. Abbr. Sat.  [< L Saturnus? Akin to satus, pp. of severe to sow ]

Ascalaphus Class. Myth. 1. a gardener in the underworld who, on learning that Persephone could leave Hades provided she had eaten no food there, claimed that he had seen her eat pomegranate seeds. As punishment, he was changed into an owl by Demeter. 2. a son of Ares who joined the Argonauts and who served as a sentry under Agamemnon in the Trojan War. He was killed by Deïphobus.

Promachorma Class. Myth. an epithet of Athena, meaning "protectress of the anchorage."

Androcrates Class. Myth. the hero who founded Plataea.

Leucothea Class. Myth. a sea goddess, the deified Ino, who gave Odysseus a veil as a float after a storm had destroyed his raft. Also, Leukothea.  [< Gk: lit., the white goddess]

Alexander 2. Also, Alexandros. Class. Myth. Homeric name for Paris.

Ellotia or Hellotia A festival with a torch-race celebrated at Corinth in honour of Athené as a goddess of fire ( Athen. xv. p. 678 a, b ). A festival of the same name in honour of Europa. The ελλωτίς, from which the festival derived its name, was, according to Seleucus ( ap. Athen. 1. c.), a myrtle garland twenty cubits in circumference, which was carried about at the festival of the Ellotia.

Agretae The name of nine maidens chosen each year in the island of Cos, as priestesses of Athené.

Latinus Rom. Legend. the father of Lavinia and king of Latium at the time of the arrival of Aeneas.

Clite Class. Myth. the wife of Cyzicus, who hanged herself when her husband was mistakenly killed by the Argonauts.

Lyaeus ( Αναίος," care-dispeller"). A name of Dionysus ( q. v.).

Polybotes One of the giants who fought against the gods. He was pursued by Poseidon across the sea as far as the island of Cos. There Poseidon tore away a part of the island, which was afterwords called Nisyrion, and throwing it upon the giant buried him under it.

Ilaïra The daughter of Leucippus and Philodicé and sister of Phoebé. She and her sister, who are called by the poets Leucippidae, were carried off by the Dioscuri. Ilaïra became the wife of Castor.

Olympius A name applied especially to Zeus as the chief of the gods who lived upon Olympus. See OLYMPUS; ZEUS.

Aphrogeneia " Foam-sprung." An epithet of Aphrodité ( q.v.).

Polybus Class. Myth. a Corinthian king who was the foster father of Oedipus. 2. ( in the Iliad ) a son of Antenor and Theano who fought against the Greeks in the Trojan War.

Astyanax [L., fr. Gr. Astyanax.] Gr. Myth. The son of Hector and Andromache, less often called by his proper name Scamandrius. He was hurled by the Greeks from the walls of Troy, that he might not restore the kingdom, as predicted by Calchas. Another story is that he was carried away from Troy, with his mother, by Neoptolemus, whom he succeeded as king of Epirus.

Eurynome Class. Myth. a goddess, the mother, by Zeus, of the Graces.

demigod 1. An inferior or lesser deity. 2. In classical mythology, a hero, supposed to be the offspring of a god and a mortal. 3. A man with the attributes of a god. ─ demigoddess n. fem.

Cocalus Class. Myth. a Sicilian king whose daughters saved the fugitive from the pursuing King Minos.

Amphissus Class. Myth. a son of Apollo and the nymph Dryope.

Arete Class. Myth. 1. the wife of Alcinous, who had much influence over her husband. 2. the personification of courage.

Apollonia A propiatory festival solemnized at Sicyon in honour of Apollo and Artemis. See Pausan. ii. 7, & 7.

Clymené (1) A daugher of Oceanus and Tethys, who married Iapetus, by whom she had Atlas, Prometheus, Menoetius, and Epimetheus. (2) The mother of Phaëthon. (3) A female servant of Helen, who accompanied her in her flight with Paris.

nine ─ the Nine The Muses.

Epigoni In Greek legend, the sons of the Seven against Thebes who successfully attacked Thebes.

Philyra Class. Myth. a daughter of Oceanus who was changed into a linden tree after giving birth to Chiron.

Asopus [L., fr. Gr. Asōpus.] The god of the river Asopus, in Sicyonia, struck by a thunderbolt from Zeus, whom he had attacked when the latter was carrying off Aegina.

Leucothoë [L.] 1. Gr. & Rom. Myth. Daughter of Orchards, king of Babylon. She is fabled to have been changed by Apollo into a sweet-scented shrub.

Agriope Class. Myth. Eurydice.

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M. E. XXVIII

Phineus [L., fr. Gr. Phineus.] Gr. Myth. a The betrothed of Andromeda who tried to prevent the marriage of Andromeda to Perseus. Thereupon Perseus with the Gorgon's head turned him into stone. b A Thracian king, who for an offense against the gods or for cruelty to his sons was visited by blindness, while his food was snatched away or befouled by the Harpies. Cf. ARGONAUT, 1.

Cyllené (1) The highest mountain in the Peloponnesus, on the frontiers of Arcadian and Achaia, sacred to Hermes, who had a temple on the summit, was said to have been born there, and was hence called Cyllenius. (2) A sea-port town of Elis.

Athamantid adj. Pertaining to the descendants of Athamas.

Erythia (1) One of the Hesperides ( q. v. ). (2) The daughter of Geryon ( q. v. ), who got her name from the island near the coast of Hispania, where her father lived ( Hesiod, Theog. 290; Pausan. x. 17, 5 ).

Clio The Muse of history.  [< Gk. kleein to celebrate, make famous ]

Mallus A very ancient city of Cilicia, on a hill east of the river Pyramus, said to have been founded at the time of the Trojan War by Mopsus and Amphilochus.

Corycides A name applied to the nymphs who were supposed to inhabit the Corycian Cave on Mount Parnassus. They were the daughters of the river-god Plistus ( Ovid, Met. i. 320; Apoll. Rh. ii. 740 ). The same name is also given to the Muses. See CORYCIA.

Macrae Petrae " The Long Rocks;" on the northwestern side of the Athenian Acropolis at its foot, with a grotto sacred to Apollo and Pan ( Eurip. Ion, 13 ).

thunderbird ( in the mythology of some American Indian tribes ) a large bird thought to bring thunder, lightning, and rain.

Linus 1. Class. Myth. a a musician and poet, the inventor of melody and rhythm, of whom various stories are told: often identified through his untimely death, with the harvesting or withering of crops and vegetation. b Also called Linus song a dirge: originally sung in Asia to mourn the death of Linus or that of Adonis. 2. A male given name.

Meliae Class. Myth. the nymphs born from the blood of Uranus at the time of his mutilation by Cronus; the nymphs of ash trees. [< Gk. meliai, pl. of melia manna, ash tree ]

Athamas [L., fr. Gr. Athamas.] Gr. Myth. A king of the Minyae at Boeotian Orchomenus. Phrixos and Helle were his children by Nephele. He married Ino, daughter of Cadmus, but later became mad, murdered his son Learchus, and persecuted Ino until, with her other son, Melicertes, she threw herself into the sea. See LEUCOTHEA.

wood nymph 1. A goddess or nymph of the forest; a dryad. 2. Any several South American hummingbirds ( genus Thalurania ). 3. Any of a group of butterflies ( family Satyridae ), generally brown in color and having eyelike spots on the wings.

Merope Class. Myth. 1. a queen of Corinth and the foster mother of Oedipus. 2. a queen of Messenia, the wife of Cresphontes and mother of Aepytus, who with Aepytus sought revenge upon Polyphontes, the brother and murderer of Cresphontes. 3. one of the six visible stars in the Pleiades.

Erythraean adj. [L. Erythraeus, fr. Gr. Erythraios, fr. Erythrai.] Of or pertaining to Erythrae, an ancient Ionian city of Asia Minor and a dwelling place of a sibyl, Herophile, regarded usually as identical with the Cumaean sibyl. ─ n. The Erythraean sibyl.

Pandion Class. Myth. 1. a son of Phineus and Cleopatra who, with his brother Plexippus, was blinded by his father when Idaea, his stepmother, made false accusations against him. 2. a king of Athens and the father of Erechtheus, Butes, Procne, and Philomela. 3. a companion of the skillful archer Teucer.

Lygodesma Class. Myth. an epithet of Artemis, "willow-bound, referring to an image of her that was supported by willow branches.

Cenchrias Class. Myth. a son of Poseidon and Pirene mistakingly killed by Artemis.

Phylomache Class. Myth. the mother, by Pelias, of Acastus and Alcestis.

Cressius Class. Myth. an epithet of Dionysus, meaning "Cretan."

Argiope Class. Myth. 1. the wife of Agenor and the mother of Cadmus and Europa. 2. a nymph. 3. a daughter of Teuthras.

Pirous ( in the Iliad ) a leader of the Thracian allies of Troy.

Cymodoce ( in the Aeneid ) a sea nymph who was at first a ship in the fleet of Aeneas. When Turnus set the fleet to fire, Cybele turned the ships into nymphs.

Mentor In the Odyssey, the sage guardian of Telemachus, appointed by Odysseus before he departed for the Trojan War.   [ < Gk., lit., adviser ]

Bacchic adj. Of, pertaining to, or like Bacchus or his rites.

Anaxarete Class. Myth. a princess turned to stone for scorning the love of a commoner. 

Pygmalion [L., fr. Gr. Pygmaliōn.] 1. Class. Myth. a A king and sculptor of Cyprus who made an ivory statue of a maiden ( in modern literature called Galatea ) which Aphrodite endowed with life. b A king of Tyre, brother of Dido and murderer of her husband, Sichaeus.

Beroë Class. Myth. 1. the nurse of Semele. 2. a daughter of Adonis and Aphrodite.

Ismene Class. Myth. a daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta who did not join Antigone in her forbidden buriel of their brother Polynices.

Dendrites An epithet of Dionysus as fertility-god, literally meaning "he of the trees."

Chryseis In the Iliad, the daughter of a priest of Apollo, captured and given to Agamemnon, and returned after Apollo sent a plague upon the Greeks.

Hipponome The mother of Amphitryon. [See ALCAEUS, No. 1.]

Amulius Rom. Legend. a son of Proca who revolted against his brother Numitor and seized the throne of Alba Longa.

Cronides Also Cronion [Gr. Kronidēs, Kroniōn.] Epithet of Zeus as son of Cronus.

Polynices Class. Myth. a son of Oedipus and Jocasta and brother of Eteocles and Antigone on whose behalf the Seven against Thebes were organized.

Amphidamas Class. Myth. 1. a son of Aleus who, with his brother Cepheus, joined the Argonauts. 2. ( in the Iliad ) a king of Cythera.

Temenus Class. Myth. 1. a son of Aristomachus who was allotted the city of Argos for his participation in the Heraclidae invasion of Peloponnesus. 2. a son of Pelasgus believed to have reared Hera.

Bonus Eventus the ancient Roman god of agricultural prosperity. Also called Eventus.

Cerynean stag Class. Myth. a stag living in Arcadia, captured by Hercules as one of his labors. Also called Cerynean hind.

Faustulus [L.] Rom. Myth. The shepherd who found the infants Romulus and Remus and with his wife, Acca Larentia, brought them up.

Felicitas [L.] Roman goddess of good fortune.

Aphaia [Gr.] Gr. Myth. A goddess worshiped in Aegina and Crete, identified with Dictynna and Britomartis.

Scylla [L., fr. Gr. Skylla.] 1. A rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirlpool Charybdis off the Sicilian coast. 2. Gr. & Rom. Myth. a A female monster of partly human form, with the heads of fierce dogs growing about her waist, who was a menace to seafarers. In the classical period Scylla was localized as inhabiting the rock in the strait of Messina. In Greek legend, Jason's ship, the Argo, whose helmsman was Glaucus, passed Scylla. Cf. CHARYBDIS. Hence, between Scylla and Charybdis, between towo dangers, either of which is difficult to avoid without encountering the other. b A daughter of Nisus, king of Megara. She fell in love with Minos, who was beseiging the town, and to give to him the victory cut from her father's head a golden or purple lock on which his life depended. Minos, repelled by the act, drowned her. According to some versions of the myth she was transformed into a sea bird.

Amphinome Class. Myth. a maiden who, along with her sister Evadne, was deceived by Medea into murdering their father, Pelias.

Panopeus, Panopeae, or Panopé An ancient town in Phocis on the Cephissus and near the frontiers of Boeotia, twenty stadia west of Chaeronea, said to have been founded by Panopeus, son of Phocus ( Herod. viii. 34 ).

Tarchon The son of Tyrrhenus, who is said to have built the town of Tarquinii. ( See TARQUINII.) Vergil represents him as coming to the assistance of Aeneas against Turnus ( Aen. iii. 506 ).

Opus A town of Locris, from which the Opuntian Locrians derived their name. It was the birthplace of Patroclus. The bay of the Euboen Sea, near Opus, was called OPUNTIUS SINUS.

Despina The satellite of Neptune that is third in distance from the planet.  [ From Greek Despoina The Mistress, Arcadian goddess who was the daughter of Poseidon, from despoina, queen, lady, mistress, feminine of despotēs, master. See dem- in Appendix I. ]

Amythaon Class. Myth. the son of Cretheus and Tyro who supported Jason's claim to the throne of Iolcus.

Phoenix 1. Class. Myth. a. the brother of Cadmus and Europa, and eponymous ancestor of the Phoenicians. b. a son of Amyntor and Cleobule who became the foster father of Achilles and who fought with the Greek forces in the Trojan War.

Niobid Class. Myth. any of the children of Niobe.

Ichthyocentaur Class. Myth. a sea creature with a human head and torso, the legs of a horse and the tail of a fish.  [< Gk ichthyokéntauros. See ICHTHYO-, CENTAUR]

Amphiaraus Class. Myth. a hero who joined the Seven against Thebes, although he knew that his death was fated: deified after death.

Euachme Class. Myth. a daughter of Megareus who married Alcathous.

Delos The smallest island of the Cyclades, Greece; 1.2 sq. mi.; regarded as the birthplace of Apollo and Artemis. Greek Dhilos.

Pandora's box ( in Greek mythology ) a box which, when opened, let loose all kinds of misfortunes upon mankind.

Dioscuri Castor and Pollux.  [< Gk. Dioskouroi < Dios of Zeus + kouros boy, son ]

Aonian adj. [L. Aonius, fr. Gr. Aonios, fr. Aonia.] Of or pertaining to Aonia, the region of the mountains Helicon an Cithaeron, in ancient Boeotia, or the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there. See PIERIAN.

Aesculapian snake a long, slender olive brown to grayish snake found in Europe and southwestern Asia. In ancient times it was protected because of its mythical link with the god of healing, Aesculapius.• Elaphe longissima, family Columbridae.

Taygeta In Greek mythology, one of the Pleiades. ─ n. Astron. One of the six visible stars in the Pleiades cluster.

Styx In Greek mythology, the river of hate, one of the five rivers surrounding Hades.

Aeaea Class. Myth. 1. the island inhabited by Circe. 2. Circe ( def. 1 ).

Prothoënor ( in the Iliad ) a Boeotian leader in the Trojan War.

Celaeno [L., fr. Gr. Kelainō, prob. the black one.] Gr. Myth. a One of the Harpies. b See PLEIADES,. 1. 2. Astron. A star in the Pleiades, barely visible and so sometimes called th Lost Pleiad. See STAR, Table.

bassara [Gr.] Gr. Myth. A bassarid.

Ophion Class. Myth. a serpent created from the north wind by Eurynome as a mate.

Cyparissia Class. Myth. an epithet of Athena, meaning "cypress-goddess."

Cinyras Class. Myth. the king who introduced the worship of Aphrodite on Cyprus: he committed suicide when he discovered that he was guilty of incest with his daughter. Cf. Myrrha.

Munin Scand. Myth. one of the two ravens of Odin that brought him news from the whole world: later regarded as personifying memory. Cf. Hugin.

Aganice [Gr., Aganikē.] Gr. Myth. A Thessalian witch who drew down the moon from the sky and was punished by the gods.

Cycnus Class. Myth. 1. any of several men transformed into swans. 2. a son of Ares killed in a duel with Hercules.

Gordys A son of Triptolemus, who assisted in searching for Io, and then settled in Phrygia, where the district of Gordyaea received its name from him. ( Steph. Byz. s. v. Gordieion; Strab. pp. 747, 750.).

Callithyia  Another name for Io. [ See IO.]

amethyst  [ OF ametist < L amethystus < Gk. amethystos not drunken < a- not + methystos drunken < methy wine; because of the ancient belief that a wearer of the stone would be unaffected by wine ]

a-1966 Random House Dict. of the English Language: The Unabridged Edition